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Change bow often, with much bow for each stroke.
Printed over a string part in sustained, loud passages, where long slurs might otherwise tempt players to save bow. It lasts for that passage.
Wechseln means change: the instruction tells string players not to economise but to change bow freely, so every stroke can use plenty of fast bow and the tone never thins at the end of a long slur. Mahler writes it at the peaks of his string melodies, trading seamlessness for intensity. In a section, players can stagger their changes so the line stays unbroken.
Mahler, Symphony No. 5, fourth movement (Adagietto), first violins, m. 94: “viel Bogen wechseln” at f, reaching ff a bar later.
Viel Bogen wechseln is one of 1755 terms in the Gradus musical dictionary: the words, abbreviations and instrument names that appear in printed scores, plus the vocabulary composers use to talk about them.
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