Lebhaft

As Printed on a Score

Printed above the staff as a heading — Lebhaft, Sehr lebhaft, Etwas lebhaft, Lebhaft doch nicht zu sehr — and occasionally mid-movement in lower case. Beethoven pairs German and Italian headings in his late sonatas (Etwas lebhaft und mit der innigsten Empfindung with Allegretto, ma non troppo). It lasts until the next tempo word.

How Composers Use It

Lebhaft implies spirited vitality. Schumann uses it frequently — it suggests the tempo should feel buoyant and enthusiastic, with a sense of joy in movement.

Example

Schumann's Symphony No. 3 ("Rhenish"), first movement (Lebhaft) — exuberant and buoyant, evoking the spirit of the Rhineland.

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