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Stopped — the German equivalent of bouché. Hand-stopping technique for horn.
In German scores (Mahler, Strauss, Bruckner), gestopft indicates stopped horn. The + symbol above notes is the standard shorthand. "Offen" (open) returns to normal playing.
Strauss's "Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche" — gestopft horn passages add grotesque humor to Till's pranks.
Gestopft is one of 228 terms in the Gradus musical dictionary, where every definition is written around how composers actually use the word.
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