And

As Printed on a Score

Joins two directions that apply together within one printed phrase — Lightly and rather quicker, crisp and lightly, cresc. and accel. — placed above or below the staff according to the kind of direction it begins. Both halves start together and share the phrase’s scope; the Italian e and ed stand in the same place.

How Composers Use It

Use it to tie a tempo change to a character or dynamic change that belongs to the same gesture, so the player reads them as one idea. Keep pairs short and compatible; two directions pulling different ways need separate placement, not a conjunction. When both halves are processes, show their shared end point with a single line.

Example

Delius, Four Old English Lyrics, “It was a Lover and his Lass”, voice, m. 9: “Lightly and rather quicker” joins a change of character to a change of tempo, after the opening “With quiet but elastic movement”.

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