Single articulation marks default to the notehead side, opposite the stem

Staccato dot, accent, and tenuto are placed on the notehead side of the note — opposite the stem direction: stem up → mark below the notehead; stem down → mark above.

An articulation mark is rendered on the stem side (e.g. a staccato dot drawn above a stem-up note, crowding the stem/flag) instead of below the notehead.

Gould, Behind Bars, ch. 'Articulation'; Read, Music Notation, articulation chapter; matches VexFlow's `Articulation.format` (articulation.ts lines 204-268), which places BELOW when `stemDirection === Stem.DOWN`... actually places by explicit `articulation.getPosition` set at construction from the artic code, not re-derived per-render from stem — see falsePositiveRisk.

This rule needs the notated content and the rendered result together — the score says what should happen, the page says whether it did.