Ledger lines on chords and on seconds — displaced notehead side and ledger extension

When two chord tones are a second apart, the upper notehead is displaced to the right of the stem (Gould, Behind Bars p.20-22, notehead-displacement chapter) rather than both noteheads sharing the stem's exact x-position. When such a displaced pair sits on ledger lines, EVERY ledger line that either notehead needs must extend far enough horizontally to pass under/over BOTH noteheads — the displaced (right-shifted) notehead is not left dangling off the end of a ledger line sized only for the primary (left) notehead.

A second-interval dyad on ledger lines where the ledger is drawn to the standard single-notehead width, visually clipping the displaced notehead's ledger coverage — the displaced notehead appears to float off the edge of its ledger line.

Gould, Behind Bars (leger lines) cross-references her own second-interval displacement rule explicitly for exactly this case. Ross, The Art of Music Engraving, states the same widened-ledger convention for chord clusters extending onto ledger lines.

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