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Rule
Gradus GE-136 · cite this code — it is permanent. Rule id expr-repeat-volta-structure
A volta bracket that starts must close before the next repeat-end (or before the piece ends); within one repeat group, endings are numbered sequentially starting at 1 ("1.", "2.", …), not skipping or repeating a number.
A measure sets `voltaStart: 1` but no later measure ever sets `voltaEnd: true` before the piece ends (an orphaned, never-closed bracket) — or a repeat group's two endings are numbered `voltaStart: 1` then `voltaStart: 3` (skipping 2) instead of 1 then 2.
Gould, Behind Bars, ch. Repeat Barlines / First and Second Endings — both the closure and sequential-numbering rules are stated explicitly, matching universal publishing practice.
This rule can be decided from pitches, durations and voices — no layout required. A validator can check it before anything is drawn.
Gradus GE-136 — Volta (first/second ending) brackets must be well-formed and sequentially numbered. Gradus Engraving Rulebook v1.0. https://gradusmusic.com/engraving/rule/expr-repeat-volta-structure
Rulebook v1.0 · text licensed CC-BY-4.0 · machine-readable at /api/v1/engraving/rules/expr-repeat-volta-structure