When multiple mark categories stack on one note, they nest in a fixed radial order outward from the notehead

When a note carries more than one kind of attached mark (articulation, dynamic, ornament, fingering), the conventional stacking order from the notehead outward is: articulation (staccato dot/accent/tenuto — closest, since it modifies the attack itself), then fingering (if present), then dynamic (further out, it is read independently of the attack), with ornaments (trill/turn/mordent) placed above the staff regardless of what's below. Marks must never render at the same vertical offset such that they overlap each other.

Gould, Behind Bars, ch. Articulation and ch. Dynamics — articulation marks sit immediately adjacent to the notehead; Ross, The Art of Music Engraving, shows the same nesting order across worked multi-mark examples (attack mark nearest, expressive/dynamic marks further from the staff).

This rule is about where marks land on the page, so it can only be judged after engraving. Collision and spacing faults live here.