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Rule
Gradus GE-009 · cite this code — it is permanent. Rule id courtesy-accidental-parenthesization
When a courtesy accidental is warranted, standard practice renders it in parentheses to distinguish reminder from functioning accidental.
Gould; SMuFL defines parenthesized-accidental glyphs (accidentalParens*); Dorico/Finale support a distinct courtesy-accidental property; LilyPond has \parenthesize. Universal convention.
This rule can be decided from pitches, durations and voices — no layout required. A validator can check it before anything is drawn.
Gradus GE-009 — Courtesy/cautionary accidentals are parenthesized; functional accidentals are not. Gradus Engraving Rulebook v1.0. https://gradusmusic.com/engraving/rule/courtesy-accidental-parenthesization
Rulebook v1.0 · text licensed CC-BY-4.0 · machine-readable at /api/v1/engraving/rules/courtesy-accidental-parenthesization